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Isra and Mi’raj
The Prophet travels in one night to Quds and then to the seven skies for an audience with Allah Almighty meeting many elder Prophets and seeing much en-route. Five times prayer is made compulsory and the units of some prayers are increased to four.
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Azan is initiated
The Prophet consulted the Sahabah about how to formally call people to the five salahs. Suggestions were given but none were accepted. Later Zayd b. Abd Rabbihi saw a dream with the wording of Azan and in the morning told the Prophet. The Prophet instructed Bilal b. Rabah to give the Azan and told Zayd to do the Iqamah.
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Provision for tayammum made
Some have suggested that tayammum was allowed for the first during the Mustaliq journey when Umm Muminin Aysha lost her necklace. Due to the delay water provision ran low and the verses were revealed. Others have suggested that the necklace incident occurred at a later incident. Allah knows best.
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Qazf law enacted
Qazf is to accuse a chaste married woman of adultery without proof. The punishment for not being able to prove was set to 80 lashes. The context was surrounding the incident of Ifk where the hypocrites started a malicious rumour about Umm Mu'minin Aysha. Allah Almighty absolved her via verses and chastised those who spread the rumour.
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Mut’a is prohibited
The practice of temporary marriage (mut'a) which was done by some as a matter of convenience whilst in a long journey is banned.
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Provision for Li’an made
The punishment for accusing a chaste married woman of adultery without proof (Qazf) is 80 lashes. The required proof for the accuser is that they must provide four upright Muslim freemen who directly witnessed the act. Hilal b. Ummayah saw his wife committing adultery. The Prophet asked him for proof as per the law. Hilal considered it against his honour to call others to observe the vile act of his wife. The Prophet understood and the verses were revealed which exempted the husband from Qazf penalty so long as they both followed the process of Li'an.
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Hajj becomes obligatory
Hajj is made compulsory. The Prophet sends Abu Bakr Siddiq to perform Hajj in 9AH and make arrangement for the Prophet's hajj for the following year.
